![]() ![]() She dreamed of many channel subscribers that would send her Bitcoins and decided to include features that the competing Sudoku channels did not have: She asked Bob to verify the existence of a solution to each of the puzzles using a zero-knowledge proof. She called it “The Sudoku Blockchain” (she didn’t know what blockchains were exactly, but it was such a cool buzzword). Knowing that her love for Sudoku is shared by millions online, she decided to open her very own YouTube channel, where she can post her own Sudoku challenges online. Blockchains and The Global Sudoku Revolution Each test was long and quite exhausting, but Sudoku is after all very serious business. After all, no one wants to spend his time on an unsolvable problem. ![]() The three friends had made it a habit to prove to one another that their Sudoku challenges were solvable. All he knew after all these tests was that it was highly likely that every row, column and block did indeed contain the numbers 1–9 exactly once, which could only be so if Alice knew the solution. He was also quite disappointed that he had gained no knowledge (zero-knowledge) about the solution. After a long series of tests, Bob was forced to admit that Alice was either an extremely lucky person, or, that she simply has a solution to the Sudoku problem (or perhaps she could read his thoughts after all). He demanded that Alice repeat the procedure with him - each time placing the same cards for the same Sudoku problem face down on the floor, but letting him pick a different test at random. He still had a gnawing suspicion that the puzzle was unsolvable. Rinse and Repeatīob thought that a 1 in 3 chance of catching Alice wasn’t good enough. She’s not a mind reader! In fact, only a correct solution would have the numbers 1–9 in each row, column, and box and so if her solution was not correct, Bob would have at least a 1 in 3 chance of catching her. “This doesn’t prove a thing!” I can also do that! I’d just have to place the numbers 1 through 9 in each row in any order i’d like!” said Bob quickly.Īlice explained that she couldn’t have known in advance that Bob would pick the rows. All of the cards were placed face down, with the exception of the few that had the constraints that Bob had already seen written on them. She quickly wrote a single digit (from 1 to 9) on each card and carefully placed the cards on the table, in a 9-by-9 matrix, organized just like a Sudoku puzzle. The CommitmentĪlice retrieved 81 blank index cards. “I’d like to see you try”, said Bob, who was still thinking of all the fun he’d have teasing Charlie. “In fact, I’ll prove it to you with ‘zero-knowledge’, that is, without ever revealing the solution itself”. “Good!” Said Bob, who was secretly hoping to learn the answer and later taunt Charlie with it. “I’ll prove to you that this puzzle has a solution, and that I know it!” declared Alice. “I swear, this puzzle has no solution! Alice just gave me one of the unsolvable ones to mess with me!” One day, Bob, who was working on an especially difficult Sudoku that Alice had devised sighed with despair.
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